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Parambikulam Tiger Reserve is the second Tiger Reserve of Kerala, a true representative of Western Ghats. It is one of the 34 biodiversity hotspot in the world. While considering the richness and abundance of wildlife and the adorable beauty of Nature. Parambikulam Tiger Reserve is perhaps the most attractive land scape in the entire stretch of Western Ghat. This virgin valley and mountains is truly a glorious tribute to the untouched nature. Thus it is popularly revered as 'Nature's own abode'. It has a total area of 643.66 Sq.km, which includes Core area of 390.89 Sq. and Buffer area of 252.77 Sq. Km.
Tucked away in the valley between the Anamalai ranges of Tamil Nadu and the Nelliampathy ranges of Kerala on the majestic Western Ghats is the Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary. This virgin valley that is the pride of Palakkad district is a glorious tribute to untouched nature. The reservoir harbours several varieties of aquatic fauna including mugger crocodiles that are often seen sunning on its banks.
Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary is the most protected ecological piece of Anamalai sub unit of Western Ghats, surrounded on all sides by protected areas and sanctuaries of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, the sanctuary is endowed with a peninsular flora and fauna which are excellently conserved due to total protection and minimal human interferences. The sanctuary being a major ecological continuum from Peechhi to Eravikulam through Anamalai aids the large viable populations of wildlife. It is the home ground for different races of indigenous people who are as well an integral part of the prevailing harmonious ecosystem. The thick, opulent habitat of the sanctuary with ample water supplys make it an abode for wildlife and there by for tourist who can have treasured memories of animal sightings and that of being in the lap of mother nature.
Hill Resort | Elevation | Activities | Travel | Season | Tourist places | Accommodation | Location | Map
The Hill Resort
Western Ghats is one of the world's 34 biodiversity hotspots. While considering the abundance of Wildlife and the adorable beauty of Nature, Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary is perhaps the most attractive region in the entire stretch of Western Ghats. Here one can ensure the peace of mind by engulfing the nature's enchanting beauty to its maximum, tucked away in the valley between the Anamalai Ranges of Tamil Nadu and the Nelliyampathy Ranges of Kerala, situated on the majestic Western Ghats, this virgin valley is truly a glorious tribute to untouched nature. Thus it is popularly revered as 'Nature's own abode'. It has a total area of 285 Sq. Kms. Three Dams have been built here under the Parambikulam Aliyar Project and the Reservoirs harbour a variety of aquatic fauna including Mugger Crocodiles that are often seen.During the 19th century, the forests of Parambikulam were felled in Sungam Forest Reserve and Parambikulam Forest Reserve. Porter in 1886 wrote the first ever Plan to manage the Sungam Forest Reserve. Heavy exploitation of forests for valuable timber started then. Teak planting began in Parambikulam during 1921 and in 1983 the last plantation was raised. One of the major milestones was the introduction of Tramway in 1905. It was designed to exploit the forests and remove valuable timber from Parambikulam to Chalakkudy before exporting to rest of the world as 'Cochin Teak' from Cochin Harbour. The present day Cochin Port was developed from the revenue generated from Parambikulam Teak.
Lying in the southern part of Western Ghats, immediately south of Palghat gap, Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, exhibits mountainous terrain with altitude ranging from 300 m to 1438 m above MSL. There are 7 major valleys and 3 major river systems. Major Peaks in the Sanctuary are Karimala (1438m), Pandaravarai (1290m), Vengoli (1120m) and Puliyarapadam (1010m). Apart from the natural rivers and streams, the Sanctuary possesses 3 man-made reservoirs namely Parambikulam, Thunakadavu and Peruvaripallam with a total waterspread of 20.60 Sq. Km.
Rainfall varies from 1400 mm to 2300 mm. July is the wettest month and January, the driest. Sanctuary is blessed with rains from both South West and North East monsoons. October - March is the best season to visit the Sanctuary.The sanctuary experiences wet tropical climate. Temperature varies from 15° C to 32° C. March is the hottest month and January the coolest.
History
During the 19th century, the forests of Parambikulam were in two broad administrative units viz., Sungam Forest Reserve and Parambikulam Forest Reserve.Porter, in 1886 wrote the first ever plan to manage the Sungam Forest Reserve. Heavy exploitation of forests for valuable timber started then. Teak planting began in Parambikulam during 1921 and in 1983 was the last plantation raised.
Sungam Forest Reserve was administratively the Sungam Range of erstwhile Nemmara Forest Division and Parambikulam Forest Reserve was the Parambikulam Range.
One of the major milestones was the introduction of the tram way in 1907. It was designed to exploit the forests and remove valuable timber to Chalakkudy wherefrom it could be transported by road. However, the Special Financial Committee abolished it in 1951.
Based on P.Narayanan Nair's plan, a special Teak Plantation Division was constituted from Parambikulam Forest Reserve in 1962. By then the Sungam Forest Reserve was declared as Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary (30 sq. miles) under the administrative control of State Wildlife Preservation Officer, Peermedu. Later in 1973, the Teak Plantation Division was dissolved and merged with the already notified sanctuary and a total area of 271 Sq. km under the dual control of DFO, TP division and DFO, Nemmara.
In 1985, the sanctuary was administratively reorganized and it took the present shape and extent of 285 Sq. Km.
Topography
Lying in the southern part of Western Ghat, immediately south of Palghat gap, Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary exhibits mountainous terrain.The sanctuary lies between the Anamalai hills and Nelliampathy hills. The Altitude ranges between 300m and 1438m above MSL. There are 7 major valleys and 3 major river systems. Geologically the sanctuary has Hornblende biotite gnesis and charnockites. Major peaks in the sanctuary are Karimala (1438m), Pandaravarai (1290m) ,Kuchimudi, Vengoli (1120m) and Puliyarapadam (1010m). Apart from the natural rivers and streams, the sanctuary possesses three man-made reservoirs namely Parambikulam, Thunacadavu and Peruvaripallam whose cumulative waterspread is 20.66 sq. km.
Tribal Heritage
Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary is the home of 4 different indigenous communities viz., Kadar, Malasar, Muduvar and Malamalasar.It was during 1906 Sri. Ananthakrishna Iyer, the ethnographer for the Dewan of Cochin officially enlisted these communities. Linguistically these communities are classified as Dravidian. These four ethnic groups are settled in six colonies. The other human settlement is known as P.A.P. colony which came into existence during the 1950's and 1960's during the construction of three dams for Parambikulam-Aliyar Project which is an inter-state multipurpose project. The ethnic identity and the population of tribes inhabiting each settlement are given below.
| Location of the Settlement | Ethnic Identity | Families | Individuals | Area of the Settlement |
| Sungam | Malasar tribe | 80 | 309 | 3.07 Ha |
| Pooppara | Muduva tribe | 39 | 167 | 24.00 Ha |
| Fifth colony, Parambikulam | Malamalasar tribe | 14 | 55 | 1.38 Ha |
| Kuriarkutty | Kadar tribe | 58 | 253 | 5.09 Ha |
| Earthdam colony | Kadar tribe | 32 | 120 | 0.33 Ha |
| Kadas colony | Kadar tribe | 54 | 206 | 0.40 Ha |
Kadar
Kadar otherwise known as "Kadir" (Thurston, 1906) is the primitive inhabitants of Anamalai hills. They are short statured, dark skinned and platyrhined (flat nosed). Their original language is a mixture of Tamil and Malayalam. Traditionally they used to live in neatly constructed bamboo huts, thatched with teak leaves. According to Thurston (1906), they are nomadic. Though their main livelihood was collection of NWFP, they had been working for the Forest Department since a long time. They are non vegetarian by habit but cycas seeds are frequently consumed. They never used to rear cattle and consume a milk product which is changed now. In Kadar community traditionally the bridegroom gave dowry to the bride and widow remarriage was never permitted. Polygamy used to be the practice. Worship of stone images was practiced mainly that of the goddess "Kali". Kadars used to bury the dead.Malasar
Malasar used to live in small hamlets abutting the forest on the hills of Anamalai, Palakkad and Darapuram. They speak a mixture of Tamil and Malayalam. Wild yam was their staple food and now they prefer rice. They are known to cultivate ragi and other minor millets. They worship a local god named "Mallung, Kali and Mariamman" to whom they used to sacrifice goats once a year in April. Their hamlets are known as "pathis" with a headman called vendari who rules the hamlets with the help of a panchayat. Malasars live at a lower elevation than the Malamalasar and Kadars. Malasars are sturdier in build but do not have the characteristic features of Hill men (Thurston, 1906). Malasars traditionally were NWFP collectors and also used to work as labours. Adult marriage used to be norm. However, child marriage was not prohibited. Usually the dead along with their personal effects are buried. Ceremonies marking attainment of puberty are celebratedMuduva
The Muduva also known as "Mudugar" are traditional cultivators living in the hills of Anamalais and Idukki areas. They practiced slash and burn cultivation. They speak a dialect closely related to Tamil with few Malayalam works. It is believed that Muduvas previously lived in the plains but driven to the hills by the Muhammaden invaders towards the end of 18th century. Thurston (1906) found a mixture of west coast and east coast cultures in them. Their craftsmanship with bamboo is evident from their neat and flat roofed huts. Muduva community has a headman known as Mooppan assisted by an informal panchayat body. The office of the Mooppan is hereditary. Muduvas are known as highly superstitious who believe in sorcery and witchcraft even though they do not practice them. Polygamy and polyandry were permitted in the past but they practice strict monogamy now. Widow re-marriage is permitted. The community follows Hinduism and their chief god is "Pazhaniandavar". The dead are usually buried.Malamalasar
Malamalasar are also known as "Mahamalasar" and "Malaimalasar" as noted in the Encyclopaedia of Indian Tribes (1989) and "Malamanushyar" (Susmita and Sekhar, 2001). They are taller than Malasar, well built, dark brown and have prominent nose and thin lips. They are generally a nomadic tribe who shift frequently within a small space. They used to live in fragile huts called "Chalai" located in rock shelters/caves. Their livelihood was traditionally based on NWFP collection. They live as nuclear families and the son(s) inherit the father's property. They prefer cross cousin marriage. Monogamy is the norm. Attainment of puberty is celebrated. In the Encyclopaedia of Indian Tribes (1989), it is stated that the Malamalasars neither bury nor cremate the dead. Instead the corpse is bundled in mats and left deep in the forests to be disposed off by the wildlife. They speak an inferior dialect of Tamil. They are still primitive and have not taken to agriculture and they do not worship any specific god. One of first ever website for a tribal community is dedicated to this people.Indigenous Knowledge of the tribes
Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary with its diverse vegetation types is a treasure trove of medicinal plantsThe tribes inhabiting this sanctuary have known and been using several of these medicinal herbs since a very long time. This practice has so far remained secretive and guarded within a family mostly. Though this ethno-botanical knowledge has been passed on from generation to generation, much of it has been forgotten due to non-practice. Owing to these reasons, documenting the indigenous knowledge of the tribes has always been difficult. However attempts are now made to compile and document the information offered by the traditional medical practitioners and the elders in the tribal settlements.
Here, we shall acknowledge and appreciate the vastness and depth of ethno-medicinal knowledge of the tribes. Let us also make sure that no one exploits these innocent people for the knowledge that they possess which might provide the cure for the presently incurable maladies of the world.
Management
Vision Statement:
Conserving Biodiversity for People for Today and TomorrowWildlife Management is the judicious use of Wildlife resources for attaining
Aims of Wildlife Management
Preservation of Species
Habitat Diversity
Biogeographically the Tiger Reserve is endowed with mosaic of natural Vegetation and Teak Plantations. Tropical rain forests, semi evergreen forests, dry and moist deciduous forests, low lying grass lands and shola forests are found here.Floral Diversity
Parambikulam is a rich treasure of 1500 species of flowering plants falling under 704 genera and 136 families. It includes 81 species of Orchids of both terrestrial and epiphytic. The natural forests of the reserve are rich treasure of medicinal plants and about 50 endangered medicinal plants are found in the Karianshola part of the reserve. Out of this about 17 plant species are already listed in the Red Data Book of IUCN. There are about 285 rare endemic and endangered species of flora found in the Sanctuary. A monotypic genus Haplothismia exannulata belonging to Burmanniaceae family rediscovered in this Sanctuary after 1951. The plants like Coscinium fenestratum. Utleria salicifolia. Syzygium palghatense. Pteroceras monsooniae and Medinilla anamalaina are endemic to Parambikulam Tiger Reserve.Faunal Diversity
The Tiger Reserve is endowed with very rich diverse fauna due to the existence of variety of mosaic habitals. The presence of ecotones (edge effects) are plenty in this Reserve and are well distributed through out the park. Similarly the water resources comprised of reservoirs, rivers and streams are very well distributed in the entire Park. The abundance of large herbivore population present in the Reserve supports a substantial population of major predatos like tiger, leopard and dholes. Following are the faunal diversity found in the Reserve.| Class | Species |
| Mammalia | 39 |
| Reptilia | 61 |
| Amphibia | 16 |
| Pisces | 47 |
| Aves | 268 |
| Insecta | 1049 |
The common species found here are Asiatic Elephant, Indian Gaur, Nilgiri Tahr, Spotted Deer, Sambar Deer, Barking Deer, Lion Tailed Macaque, Common Langur, Nilgiri Langur, Malabar Giant Squirrel, Sloth Bear, Cane Turtle, King Cobra, Python, Monitor Lizard, Fresh Water Crocodile etc. The common birds found are Great Indian Hornbill, Malabar Grey Hornbill, Malabar whistling Thrush, Nightjar, Ceylon Frog Mouth, Barbet, Bee-eaters, Treepies, Woodpeckers, Kingfishers and Birds of prey. The very two important species are Tomopterna parambikulamana, an endemic frog of Parambikulam and Garra surendranathanii, an endemic sucker fish of Parambikulam are found here.
Local Tribal based Eco-tourism packages
People oriented tribal community based eco tourism is the hallmark of Parambikulam Tiger Reserve. These programmes are organised by the local tribals of Ecodevelopment Committee of Parambikulam Tiger Reserve for their empowerment and livelihood. The ecotourism programmes aims protection, nature education, awareness and monitoring based. The revenue generated from various ecotourism progammes are utilised for the welfare of the local and forest dependent communities. The various ecotourism packages tare:1. Tented Niches
2. Veettikunnu Island Nest
3. Machan World
4. Treetop Experience
5. Honey Comb Complex
6. Thellikkal Nights
7. Tramway Trek
8. Kariyanshola Trail
9. Bamboo Rafting
10. Parambikulam Safari
11. Paid Nature Camps
12. Tribal Symphony
Dos and Donts
There are some expectations from the responsible visitors coming to Parambikulam wildlife sanctuary.These are otherwise can be called as Sanctuary Rules.Our expectations from you the Green Soldiers
Animal sightings are matter of chance. Be patientPlease do not litter the surroundings
Aviod smoking and do not carry any inflammable materials.
Do not disturb or tease animals
Do not wear colourful clothes or perfumes. Khakis, browns and greens are best suited.
Give way to animals first
Trekkers are advised to use jungle boots to ensure safety
Carry a first aid kit with medicines for common ailments
Carry a Notepad, Binoculars, Route maps
Always take the help of Guides/Naturalists
Follow the instruction of the staff/Guides
Elevation
Parambikulam - 300 meters
TopActivities
Conservation initiatives
The Management of Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary has been taking a number of conservation initiatives for achieving the overall vision of conserving bio diversity for people for today and tomorrow. Some of the important conservation initiatives include:1. Habitat Management
2. Population Management
3. Local Dependent Community Management
4. Tourism Management
5. Awareness & Education
6. Research & Training
7. Monitoring & Evaluation
Habitat Management includes
Tools for Population Management
Census are conducted periodically from time to time for quantifying and enumeration of bio diversity of the Sanctuary. It is an important tool for formulating the necessary management strategies for the conservation of Wildlife. Census can be conducted by any of the following methods or the combination of all.
1. Direct Method
2. Indirect Method
3. Ratio Method
Direct method includes drive count, block count, transect count, aerial count, waterhole count, etc.
Indirect method includes Pugmark censes, sign count, scat analysis, claw marks, dung count, pellet group count etc.
Ratio method includes mark recapture method, camera trap (using the mark recapture formula), kill evidence method, etc
Eco Development
Eco-development from people's point of view can be defined as "Site specific package of measures developed through people's participation with the objective of promoting sustainable use of land and other resources on farm and off-farm, income generation activities which are not deleterious to protected area values".It is basically promotion of long-term sustainable use of resources while caring for biological and cultural diversity.
Objectives of Eco Development
1. To plan and promote alternative income generation activities which are economically viable and ecologically sustainable.
2. To impart need based vocational training to the tribes.
3. To improve the basic amenities directly as well as with the help of other line departments.
4. To eliminate chances of man wildlife conflicts and to evolve successful model of tribal-wildlife co-existence.
5. To improve upon the existing land use practices of people and make them more productive.
6. To spread environmental awareness among the tribes through extension activities with the help of NGO's and tribal volunteers.
7. Promotion of self-help groups and habit of thrift among the tribes.
8. To generate reasonable amount of employment through forestry works distributed through out the year as admissible under the fast evolving conservation scenario.
Organs for Eco Development
Forest Development Agency ,Parambikulam is formed which is functioning as an Umbrella for the confederation all EDC's (Ecodevelopmet Committes) which are the organs of effective implementation of Ecodevelopment in the Sanctuary.
At present there are eight EDC's functioning under Forest Development Agency, Parambikulam namely:
Eco Tourism
Eco-tourism is defined as purposeful travel to natural areas to understand the cultural and natural history of environment, taking care not to alter the integrity of the eco-system, while producing economic opportunities that make conservation of natural resources beneficial to the local people. In a nutshell a tourism programme, which is nature based, ecologically sustainable, where education and interpretation are the major component and where local people are benefited, can be called eco-tourism. Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary with its panoramic greenery and serene landscape, meandering streams, extensive water spread of the reservoirs, cascading waterfalls, rolling hills and valleys and a wealth of bio-diversity, is one of the most captivating places on earth. Hence, this sanctuary offers the best eco-tourism opportunity.Objectives of Eco Tourism
1. To ensure the participation of local tribal communities in eco-tourism as guides and interpreters.
2. To provide alternative source of livelihood to majority of tribal families.
3. To study the carrying capacity of the sanctuary in terms of tourism and to device appropriate strategies.
4. To maintain and optimally utilize the existing tourist facilities and to create additional eco-friendly infrastructure to meet future demands.
5. To provide educative and enjoyable experience to visitors.
6. To spread the message of nature and wildlife conservation to the masses.
The management of Parambikulam Wildlife sanctuary is now offering many Ecotourism packages which all are Local tribal community based and organised by the different Eco Development Committees of Forest Development Agency, Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary.
Various Eco tourism packages
Trekking
Night Halt Packages
Nature Education
Jungle Camps
Day Packages
Research
Research on various aspects in Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary had been carried out in the past and a number of projects are being a carried out in the present too. Since Parambikulam is very rich in bio diversity it still has lots of mysteries to unearth and through research only it can be done. Moreover in the changing scenario of Wildlife and Protected Area Management the research findings will become very handy in formulating and devising effective Management strategies for the present and future.Institutional arrangement for research
Based on the topic of research and expertise available, the Department had tied up with research institutions like Kerala Forest Research Institute, Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute, Centre for Earth Science Studies, Wildlife Institute of India and other academic institutions (universities) for carrying out research projects for the Sanctuary.
Training
Since ecology, Silviculture, wildlife biology, land use planning, eco-tourism and public liaison form the integral part of PA management, the staffs of the Sanctuary are being periodically trained to give them the necessary orientation and professional edge. Periodical refresher courses in these aspects are arranged by enlisting support from appropriate organisations and people. During their posting, guest lectures by prominent persons in various spheres of life and capsule training in specialised areas of forestry and wildlife management are arranged by the Wildlife Warden to keep the staff abreast of current development in various fields. These help them in improving their personality, boosting the morale and provide the necessary motivation.In the present context of Ecotourism and Eco Development, the training is also imparted to the local people who act as Naturalists and also the members and executive members of Eco Development Committees.
The training is given to the following groups:
Nature Education
Nature education and Interpretation is one of the major activities of the Sanctuary Management. Through education only we can sensitize the future generation to protect our natural heritage and wealth. For attaining these objectives, many innovative nature education classes for not only students but also adults are being organized. A number of Nature camps both Sponsored and paid camps are conducted during the year benefiting thousands of students. Major activities for the nature education camp at Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary includeMonitoring
Ongoing monitoring programmes in the sanctuary Monitoring and evaluation is an important activity of the Sanctuary. It helps to know the present state of the wildlife and habitat in terms of its health and performance. Any changes say positive and negative will help in devising the subsequent strategies for the better management.The monitoring is now classed into major group
1. Habitat monitoring
2.Wildlife monitoring
Under the World Bank assisted Kerala Forestry Project, the following research and monitoring activities were carried out in this sanctuary.
1. Project to study the ecology and management of vayals.
2. Project to improve the habitat for herbivores with special reference to gaur.
3. Project to improve the habitat for water birds.
4. Project to study and evolve scientific and sustainable management practices for Mahseer.
The effects of management interventions are being monitored.
In addition the following monitoring activities are also being carried out.
Location Details
Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary lies between the longitudes 76° 35' and 76° 50' East and latitudes 10° 20' and 10° 26' North.The sanctuary is situated in the Chittur taluk of Palakkad revenue district in the state of Kerala. Surrounding the sanctuary are Pollachi and Valparai taluks of Coimbatore district in the state of Tamil Nadu and Thrissur and Mukundapuram taluks of Thrissur district of Kerala.
How to Reach There and Distances
Access
The sanctuary is approachable only by road and is 95 km from Palakkad (Kerala state) and about 100 km away from Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu state).The nearest town is Pollachi (Tamil Nadu), which is 39 km away. As of now the only road leading to the sanctuary is the Ambrampalayam-Parambikulam road passing through places in Tamil Nadu viz., Anamalai, Vettaikaranpudur and Sethumadai including (Top Slip) Indira Gandhi Wildlife sanctuary and National Park.
There is no road directly connecting Parambikulam with the rest of Kerala without having to pass through Tamil Nadu.
At present there are only two public transport bus services run by Government of Tamil Nadu, at 6.15 am and 3.15 pm starting from Pollachi (Tamil Nadu).
Another service up to Top Slip (Tamil Nadu) starts at 11.30am from Pollachi.
Tips for the discerning tourist:
Approach By Road
From Palakkad (Kerala) - 100 kmFrom Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) - 84 km
From Pollachi (Tamil Nadu) - 38 km
Nearest Railway Station
Palakkad (Kerala) - 100 kmCoimbatore (Tamil Nadu) - 84 km
Nearest Medical Facility
Primary Health Centre, Parambikulam - 0 kmPrivate Poly Clinics, Vettaikaranputhur - 23 km
Nearest Fuel Pump
Vettaikaranputhur - 23 kmBus Timings (TNSTC)
From Pollachi - 6.15 am & - 3.15 pmParambikulam to Pollachi - 8.45 am & 5.45pm
Pollachi to Topslip - 11.20 am
(distance between Topslip & Parambikulam Office Head Quarter - 4 Km)
Topslip to Pollachi - 1.00 pm
Best Season to Visit/Weather
The best time to visit Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary is just after the mansoons between August and February when the forests and its surroundings are lush green with its dense vegetation.Visiting Hours: 7.00 am to 6.00 pm (Entry closes at 4 pm)
Climate and Rain fall
Tourist places near
Parambikulam - Aliyar Dam
Aliyar dam is located about 24 km from Pollachi along Pollachi – Valparai road. It was innagurated by former Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1961 and was constructed between 1958 – 1968 as a part of the Parambikulam-Aliyar Project (PAP). This dam receives water from upper aliyar reservoir through hydro-electric power station in Navamalai and from Parambikulam dam through a contour canal. Aliyar is surrounded by hills on three sides and has got a park and boating facility. Opposite to the dam's entrance, an aquarium is being maintained by Tamilnadu Fisheries Corporation. From the top of the dam, one can have a spectacular view of coconut trees stretching several km wide. The catchment area of the dam is 121 Sq. km and it slightly resembles Indian map when viewed from hair pin bend no. 9, which is about 15 km uphill en route to Valparai.Starting from 1964's Kadhalikka Neramillai, over hundreds of tamil, malayalam, telugu and hindi movies have been pictured at this location, including tamil blockbusters like Chinna Thambi (1991), Amaithipadai (1994), Kaadhalukku Mariyadhai (1997), Suryavamsam (1998), etc.
Parambikulam - Aliyar Multipurpose Project :
Interlinking of Rivers :
This project consists of a series of dams interconnected by tunnels and canals at various elevations in order to harness the Parambikulam, Aliyar, Nirar, Sholiyar, Thunkadavu, Thenkkadi and Palar rivers, laid for irrigation and power generation. The scheme is an outstanding example of engineering skill. It is located in the Anaimalai Hills range. The Parambikulam-Aliyar Project is a complex multi-basin multipurpose project. Seven streams-five flowing westward and two towards the east- have been dammed and their reservoirs interlinked by tunnels. The water is ultimately delivered to the drought-prone areas in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu and the Chittur area of Kerala. The project has a command area of 1620 square kilometres with 185 MW of power generation capacity.About Parambikulam Aliyar Project
The Parambikulam Aliyar Project ( P.A.P ) is a multipurpose and interstate river valley project, to divert the west flowing rivers to the East side to the then drought prone areas of the Coimbatore and Erode districts. The irrigation network consists of seven major lined canals, running for a total length of about 250 km. The lengths of the Branch Canals, Distributaries, and Minors are 244 km, 640 km, 1240 km respectively, through which about 4.25 lakhs acres of lands are being irrigated. This large irrigation network is managed using manually operated gates, and traditional techniques, which offers tremendous scope for water resource optimization using Canal Automation, which is a proven, cost effective solution for better and efficient water management.In the 21st century, we are at a crucial juncture in the area of water management. Water managers need to develop creative and innovative solutions as well as develop holistic approaches to solve water crisis. There is always a focus on 'Blue water' or liquid water rather than on 'Green water' or vapour flow. Blue water constitutes only 10 percent of the total freshwater resource, which means that we are focusing only on the one-tenth of the resource base. A new water management approach that integrates blue and green water flows is the need of the hour.
At present in PAP irrigation network, water is distributed to farmers in set zoning patterns. Water managers take rainfall into account only when there is widespread rainfall throughout the entire ayacut. Even when rainfall is taken into account the water that is released is based upon thumb rules. Hence this may lead to farmers over irrigating their fields and subsequent drop in crop yields. But in order to produce "More crop per drop" and "More crop per unit farmland" an integrated water management strategy is required.
The aim of our project is to develop Net irrigation requirement (NIR) maps using rainfall maps and crop water requirement maps.
Based on the NIR maps the water that has to be released through any particular canal gate can be determined and the canal gates can be operated accordingly. This can be done practically only by adopting canal automation. Thus the water requirement of crops can be monitored real time and canal gates can be set to operate automatically as per the requirement.
Parambikulam Dam
The parambikulam Dam and the area around it located in the parambikulam sanctuary offers a wide variety of options such as Dam visits, lake cruises and Jungle safaris.. Animals such as Crocodiles,otters, Elephants, Wild boars and deers can also be spotted around the area.Lake Thoonakkadavu
Thoonakkadavu is the beautiful lake formed by the parambikulam dam. The whole sight of the lake with its crystal clear water surrounded by lush green forests with otters playing along the banks will be very soothing. In fact it would be so beautiful and inviting that you may think about going for a swim in it. But it is inhibited with a number of crocodiles who quite surely will not be playing the role of friendly hosts if you decided to take the dip. But don't lose heart for you can explore the beauty of the lake by taking boat cruises. A jungle Jeep must be hired in order to access this remotely situated lake.Kannimara Teak
Kannimara teak is one of the largest living teak tree in the world. It has an amazing girth of 6.48m and a crown height of 48.75m It is believed to be around 400 years old.According to the local tribal belief here when this tree was tried to cut down, the blood spurted out from the place of cut. This tree was being since then worshipped by the local tribes in Parambikulam as "Virgin tree". Thus the name Kannimara is given as the word ' Kanni' means 'Virgin'. This tree has been awarded 'Mahavriksha Puraskar' by the Government of India
Kannimara Safari
Kannimara Teak is really a visual splendor which will please not only our eyes but also expand out chest out in pride witnessing the largest living Teak on mother earth. It has an unbelievable girth of 6.5 mtrs and it needs atleast 5 adult persons to encircle the trunk with their stretched arms. Be a party to this natural history and heritage.The package will start from Thunakadavu dam traversing through the great teak plantations covering some 6 kms to reach this magnificent teak. The Kannimara Safari vehicle will also provide an opportunity to witness the rich wildlife diversity of Parambikulam.
Tram way
This is the story of an amazing little tramway that was functional during the 1st half of the 20 century. This tramway was laid from the plains of Chalakudy around 40 Kms of North of Cochin to Parambikulam. The lines cuts across the Western Ghats, went through lush green forests, crossed streams and rivers and was considered to be a scenic and enjoyable journey. The Tramway had a total length of around 49.5 miles. Truly this Tramway called - the Cochin State Forest Tramway was nested and webbed through the Western Ghats.These timber lines were laid for logging in the Parambikulam forests and to transport timber to Chalakudy. The valuable teak and rosewood were further shipped across many continents. The major user of timber from Cochin was the ship building industry in Clyde, UK and many Railways across the world used this timber as the sleepers. There was even a "brand" called "Cochin Teak" famous during those days.
It was the great vision of Sri. Rama Varma "Rajarshi", who ruled the state of Cochin from 1895 to 1914. Rajarshi was successful in taking the present day Cochin in to the World Map in terms of trade and Commerce. It was during Rajarshi's period the historical Cochin State Forest Tramway was laid in 1901. Originally conceived by Mr. J.C. Kolhoff, the first Conservator of Forests, Cochin, the project was implemented by Mr. V.Alwar Chetty, a Forest Officer on special duty. The initial survey and route alignment were done by British Officers. Mr. Haldwell and Mr. Floukes. The first Tramway Engineer who cleared the forests and laid the lines was Mr. R.E. Haffield. Orenstein and Koppel of Germany supplied all locomotives, rolling stock and machinery for the Tramway. P & W MacLennan of the UK supplied all bridges and culverts. Mr. K.R.Menon was the last Tramway Engineer. The Tramway was inaugurated by the Governor of Madras, Sir Arthur Oliver Villiers Russel, 2nd Baron Ampthill on 3rd October 1905.
So finally this fairy tale tramway was set up in 1905 to tap resource from the forests and bring in wealth to the State Treasury of Cochin. The money was used to equip Cochin for the modern port. The Wellington Island, Roads, Bridges and Educational Institutions of Cochin were funded by this Tramway. These ambitious initiatives transformed Cochin in to a major commercial, industrial and trading Hub of Indian Peninsula.
Look at what the great visionary, the Maharaja of Cochin, Sir Rama Varma XV Rajarshi wrote in his autobiography about this route : "In October 1903, I made an extensive tour in the Parambikulam and Nelliyampathy forests traversing them right across. I followed the alignment adopted for my journey to Parambikulam. The discomfort of the journey was more than compensated by the magnificent scenery. Throughout the route I saw endless avenues of trees of immense girth and height and of variegated foliage...
The imperial sylviculturist Mr. H.Champion wrote about this Tramway: "There is nothing like it in India. It is an engineering marvel." Dr. Salim Ali did his research expeditions and has identified more than 100 species of birds along the entire stretch of tramway.
The entire Tramway was divided in to three sections
1. Started from Chalakudy to Anapantham, covering a distance of 21 miles.2. Second section was from Kavalai to Pothupara covering a distance of 6 miles.
3. Third section was from Komalapara right upto the last point called Chinnar, now submerged under Parambikulam Reservoir. It covered for about 22.5 miles.
Between sections one and two there were three inclines from Anapantham to Kavalai and between two and three there were two inclines from Pothupara to Komalapara. This inclines worked on rollers and cables with double lines. Empty wagons were rolled up while loaded wagons were pushed down along the other rails. In total it used to take 9 hours to cover the entire distance. The Cochin State Forest Tramway was an Engineering marvel.
After running successfully for nearly 50 years and creating history by making Cochin a present day commercial harbour and trading centre, The Cochin State Forest Tramway was abolished in 1951 on the basis of special finance committee report.
Though Cochin State Forest Tramway is an history now but one can cherish those glorious period of Cochin State Forest Tramway by witnessing some of the remnants in the form of broken iron bridges semi rusted wagons, Rail Trails, wheels, workshops, water tanks, wells etc.
To trek along these trails will connect the nature with history and heritage. Hence Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary is running some very special eco-tourism package for those nature lovers who wishes to get connected with nature, history and heritage. Hence this Cochin State Forest Tramway trek for you the special persons.
Modern Nature Interpretation Centre
The modern interprtation centre at anappadi is equipped with "state-of-art" audio visual facilities. It has interactive three dimensional models of bio-diversity hotspots, of the world, western ghat, kerala and Parambikulam wildlife sanctuary.It has three series of modern quiz machine for evaluating your wildlife knowledge.
It also has one tiger cell wich is the repository of information on this charismatic cat-the tiger.
In the audio visual section one can come across different and interesting bio- acoustics and feel the sound of forest and wildlife
The medicinal plants section will take you into the wonderful world of rare and endangered medicinal plants of Western ghats and Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary.
Salim Ali Bird Interpretation Centre
The Salim Ali Bird interpretation centre at Kuriarty offers opurtunity for bird enthusiasts to learn and study the birds of Western Ghats in general.The gallery provides a wonderful listing of birds ranging from common birds of india, birds of western ghats, birds of kerala and birds of parambikulam.
Salim Ali Gallery
The Gallery is a repository of hundreds of photographs of Dr. Salim Ali ranging from his childhood.Dr. Salim Ali , father of Orniythology in India, had spent two long years at Kuriarkutty Parambikulam for studying birds of kerala. Here is an attempt to give a fitting tribute to legendry Dr. Salim Ali by developing a photo gallery of Dr. Salim Ali.
This Gallery is one of its kind in whole of India exclusively dedicated to Dr. Salim Ali
Shola Forests
Shola forests are unique montane vegetation occupying temperate habitats in tropical latitude and are communities restricted to valley and depressions especially along the folds of hills. Karimala hills of this sanctuary has some resembling characteristics of this type. The forest restricted to Karimala hills, is not a true shola, according to forest type description, but it shows important characters of shola plants i.e., stunted short boled highly branched trees, clothed with mosses and other epiphytes. Woody climbers are few. There is no stratification for trees and leaves are mostly small.The species growing in this type of forests are given below.
Trees: Cinnamomum sulphuratum, Euonymus indicus, Ligustrum robustum (rox burghii), Mesua indica, Symplocos cochinchinensis, etc.
Epiphytes (Orchids): Lycopodium phlegmaria, Bulbophyllum fusco-purpureum, Bulbophyllum tremulum, Eria clavicaulis, Eria reticulate, Oberonia denticulata, Oberonia lindleyana, Dendrobium chlorops, Dendrobium nutans, D.viridiflora etc.
Ground Vegetation: Impatiens parasitica, Peperomia tetraphylla and other species of palatable grasses are in abundance.
One can witness this type of forests while trekking to the Karimala Gopuram through High Range Hiking (Hard trek) package.
Dolmens (Muniyara)
Dolmens are the traditional cemeteries of tribal head men of Parambikulam Wildlife sanctuary. The Dolmens found in the forest of Parambikulam Sanctuary is believed to be 300 years old according the local tribes.These Dolmens are beautifully erected with the help of flat stones and it is really an archeological marvel and traditional tribal heritage.
One can witness these traditional dolmens by undertaking dolmen trail package.
Boat Cruises and watch Towers
Take soothing boat cruises along the Parambikulam Lake. (No swims please if you value your life because the crocodiles definitely would not). Climb up the Annaipadi and Chungam watchtowers and have a bird's eye view of the lush Greenery of the Scenario.Trekking
Trekking in Parambikulam is an immensely enjoyable Affair. You Must take a trip to be acquainted with VIPs like Elephant Gangs, Gaur herds, Malabar Squirrels, Nilgiri Langur, a Variety of snakes and birds...Mind you, they are very anti-autograph .So no point in getting closer to them.Accommodation and Hotels at Parambikulam
Parmbikulam with its panoramic landscape, meandering streams, extensive waterspread of the reservoir, cascading waterfalls, rolling hills and valleys and a wealth of biodiversity, is one of the most captivating place on earthEcocare Centre, Parambikulam Wildlife Santuary
For Booking Rooms in ParambikulamTel: 04253 - 245025, 245005
Mobile: (0)94422 01690
Email: wildlifewarden@parambikulam.org
Accommodation Facilities in Parambikulam
| Tented Niche ( 7 tents) | 14 Beds |
| Veettikkkunnu Island inn | 5 Beds |
| TreeTo Hut,Thunkkadavu | 2 Beds |
| TreeTop Hut,Parambikulam | 2 Beds |
| Elephant Valley home,Thunkkadavu | 6 Beds |
| Bison valley home | 6 beds |
| Sambar Machan (Kuriakutty) | 5Nos |
| Cheethai Machan (Anakkal) | 5Nos |
| Thellikkal I.B | 5 Beds |
| Tiger Hall,Parambikulam | 20 Nos |
| Hombill Dormitory Anapaddy | 40 Nos |
| Salim Ali Centre,Kuriarkutty | 20 Nos |
Total 130 Beds Available For Accommodation in Parambikulam
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 Photo by : karthys in Flickr |
 Photo by : karthys in Flickr |
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 Photo by : karthys in Flickr |
 Photo by : Enchant_me in Flickr |
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 Photo by : suresh_kirupanithy in Webshots |
 Photo by : makadelhi in Webshots |
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 Photo by : makadelhi in Webshots |
 Photo by : francier72 in Webshots |
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 Photo by : pravin.manoj in Panoramio |
 Photo by : jennifer_diaz in Panoramio |
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